As the fundamental material of the semiconductor industry, wafers have extensive and critical applications in modern technology:

1. Integrated Circuit (IC) Fabrication

Processor chips: CPUs, GPUs, AI accelerators

Memory chips: DRAM, NAND Flash, NOR Flash

Logic chips: FPGAs, ASICs

Analog chips: Power management, signal conversion

2. Sensor Technology

MEMS sensors: Accelerometers, gyroscopes, pressure sensors

Image sensors: CMOS image sensors (CIS) for smartphone cameras, surveillance

Biosensors: Medical testing, environmental monitoring

3. Optoelectronic Devices

LED lighting: Based on GaN, GaAs compound semiconductor wafers

Laser diodes: For optical communication, data storage, medical equipment

Solar cells: Photovoltaic wafers for solar power generation

4. Power Electronics

Power devices: IGBTs, MOSFETs based on Si, SiC, GaN wafers

Electric vehicles: Power modules in control systems, charging equipment

Industrial control: Frequency converters, motor drives

5. Communication Technology

RF devices: 5G base stations, smartphone RF front-end modules

Microwave devices: Radar systems, satellite communication

Optical communication: Lasers and detectors in fiber optics

6. Quantum Computing

Qubits: Substrate materials for superconducting quantum chips

Quantum dots: Quantum structures based on semiconductor wafers

7. Biotechnology

Biochips: DNA sequencing, protein analysis

Microfluidic chips: Medical diagnostics, drug development

8. Advanced Displays

Micro-LED: Core technology for next-gen displays

OLED driving: Backplane circuits for display panels

Wafers serve as the foundation for nearly all modern electronic devices and continue to enable new technological breakthroughs across multiple industries.